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The population of Jamaica is primarily of African or mixed African-European origin, descended from slaves brought to the island from the 17th to 19th centuries. Among the established minorities are East Indians, Europeans, and Chinese. About half the population lives in rural areas.
Poverty has given rise to increased school absenteeism and deteriorating literacy, furthering the cycle of unemployment and increased crime. There were approximately 200,000 youths ages 15-24 who were neither in school nor employed in 2001. Emigration, primarily to the United States, Britain, and Latin America, has been substantial.
English is the official language, although many Jamaicans speak a local dialect of English that incorporates African, Spanish, and French elements (Creole). As a British territory for more than 300 years, Jamaica's language and customs reflect both European and African influences.
Among the Christian majority, the Church of God, Baptists, Anglicans, Seventh-day Adventists, Pentecostalists, and Roman Catholics predominate. Several well-established Jewish, Muslim, and Hindu communities exist. (www.odci.gov/cia, CIA World Fact Book 2001)
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